Sebuah kulit bola memiliki tempat kedudukan
\[ S^2(\vec{r}_0, R) := \{\vec{r} \in \mathbb{R}^3 ~|~ |\vec{r} - \vec{r}_0| = R\} \]
di mana $\vec{r}_0 \in \mathbb{R}^3$ adalah pusat kulit bola tersebut, dan $R \in \mathbb{R}^+$ adalah jari-jarinya.
Tentu saja,
\[ \vec{r} := r(\hat{x}\sin\theta\cos\phi + \hat{y}\sin\theta\sin\phi + \hat{z}\cos\theta) \]
dan
\[ \vec{r}_0 := r_0(\hat{x}\sin\theta_0\cos\phi_0 + \hat{y}\sin\theta_0\sin\phi_0 + \hat{z}\cos\theta_0) \]
di mana $r, r_0 \in \mathbb{R}^+\cup\{0\}$, $\theta, \theta_0 \in [0, \pi]$, dan $\phi, \phi_0 \in \{0\}\cup(0, 2\pi)$, serta $\hat{x} := (1, 0, 0)$, $\hat{y} := (0, 1, 0)$, dan $\hat{z} := (0, 0, 1)$.
Tentu saja,
\[ \vec{r} - \vec{r}_0 = \hat{x}(r\sin\theta\cos\phi - r_0\sin\theta_0\cos\phi_0) \]
\[ + \hat{y}(r\sin\theta\sin\phi - r_0\sin\theta_0\sin\phi_0) + \hat{z}(r\cos\theta - r_0\cos\theta_0) \]
sehingga
\[ |\vec{r} - \vec{r}_0|^2 = r^2\sin^2\theta\cos^2\phi + r_0^2\sin^2\theta_0\cos^2\phi_0 - 2r_0r\sin\theta_0\cos\phi_0\sin\theta\cos\phi \]
\[ + r^2\sin^2\theta\sin^2\phi + r_0^2\sin^2\theta_0\sin^2\phi_0 - 2r_0r\sin\theta_0\sin\phi_0\sin\theta\sin\phi \]
\[ + r^2\cos^2\theta + r_0^2\cos^2\theta_0 - 2r_0r\cos\theta_0\cos\theta \]
\[ = r^2\sin^2\theta + r_0^2\sin^2\theta_0 - 2r_0r\sin\theta_0\sin\theta\cos(\phi - \phi_0) \]
\[ + r^2\cos^2\theta + r_0^2\cos^2\theta_0 - 2r_0r\cos\theta_0\cos\theta = R^2 \]
sehingga
\[ r^2 + r_0^2 - 2r_0r[\cos\theta_0\cos\theta + \sin\theta_0\sin\theta\cos(\phi - \phi_0)] = R^2. \]
Inilah persamaan sebuah kulit bola dalam sistem koordinat kulit bola.
\[ S^2(\vec{r}_0, R) := \{\vec{r} \in \mathbb{R}^3 ~|~ |\vec{r} - \vec{r}_0| = R\} \]
di mana $\vec{r}_0 \in \mathbb{R}^3$ adalah pusat kulit bola tersebut, dan $R \in \mathbb{R}^+$ adalah jari-jarinya.
Tentu saja,
\[ \vec{r} := r(\hat{x}\sin\theta\cos\phi + \hat{y}\sin\theta\sin\phi + \hat{z}\cos\theta) \]
dan
\[ \vec{r}_0 := r_0(\hat{x}\sin\theta_0\cos\phi_0 + \hat{y}\sin\theta_0\sin\phi_0 + \hat{z}\cos\theta_0) \]
di mana $r, r_0 \in \mathbb{R}^+\cup\{0\}$, $\theta, \theta_0 \in [0, \pi]$, dan $\phi, \phi_0 \in \{0\}\cup(0, 2\pi)$, serta $\hat{x} := (1, 0, 0)$, $\hat{y} := (0, 1, 0)$, dan $\hat{z} := (0, 0, 1)$.
Tentu saja,
\[ \vec{r} - \vec{r}_0 = \hat{x}(r\sin\theta\cos\phi - r_0\sin\theta_0\cos\phi_0) \]
\[ + \hat{y}(r\sin\theta\sin\phi - r_0\sin\theta_0\sin\phi_0) + \hat{z}(r\cos\theta - r_0\cos\theta_0) \]
sehingga
\[ |\vec{r} - \vec{r}_0|^2 = r^2\sin^2\theta\cos^2\phi + r_0^2\sin^2\theta_0\cos^2\phi_0 - 2r_0r\sin\theta_0\cos\phi_0\sin\theta\cos\phi \]
\[ + r^2\sin^2\theta\sin^2\phi + r_0^2\sin^2\theta_0\sin^2\phi_0 - 2r_0r\sin\theta_0\sin\phi_0\sin\theta\sin\phi \]
\[ + r^2\cos^2\theta + r_0^2\cos^2\theta_0 - 2r_0r\cos\theta_0\cos\theta \]
\[ = r^2\sin^2\theta + r_0^2\sin^2\theta_0 - 2r_0r\sin\theta_0\sin\theta\cos(\phi - \phi_0) \]
\[ + r^2\cos^2\theta + r_0^2\cos^2\theta_0 - 2r_0r\cos\theta_0\cos\theta = R^2 \]
sehingga
\[ r^2 + r_0^2 - 2r_0r[\cos\theta_0\cos\theta + \sin\theta_0\sin\theta\cos(\phi - \phi_0)] = R^2. \]
Inilah persamaan sebuah kulit bola dalam sistem koordinat kulit bola.
Komentar
Posting Komentar